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W 


JOV1 


BRITISH AND CANADIAN CONVENTIONS, 


Part I. 


Convention Relating to the Service of Citizens of the United 

States in Great Britain and of British Subjects in the United 

States. 

The President of the United States of America and His Majesty 
the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and 
of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, being 
convinced that for the better prosecution of the* present war it is de¬ 
sirable that citizens of the United States in Great Britain and British 
subjects in the United States shall either return to their own country 
to perform military service in its Army or shall serve in the Army 
of the country in which they remain, have resolved to enter into a 
convention to that end, and have accordingly appointed as their pleni¬ 
potentiaries, the President of the United States of America, Robert 
Lansing, Secretary of State of the United States; and His Britannic 
Majesty, the Earl of Reading, Lord Chief Justice of England, High 
Commissioner and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 
on Special Mission to the United States, who, after having communi¬ 
cated to each other their respective full powers, found to be in proper 
form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles: 



article i. 


All male citizens of the United States in Great Britain and all male 
British subjects in the United States, shall, unless before the time 
limited by this convention they enlist or enroll in the forces of their 
own country or return to the United States or Great Britain, respec¬ 
tively, for the purpose of military service, be subject to military serv¬ 
ice and entitled to exemption or discharge therefrom under the laws 
and regulations from time to time in force of the country in which 
they are: Provided , That in respect to British subjects in the United 
States the ages for military service shall be for the time being 20 to 44 
years, both inclusive: Provided , however , That no citizen of the 
United States in Great Britain and no British subject in the United 
States who, before proceeding to Great Britain or the United States, 
respectively, was ordinarily resident in a place in the possessions of 
the United States or in His Majesty’s dominions, respectively, where 
the law does not impose compulsory military service shall, by vir¬ 
tue of this convention, be liable to military service under the laws and 
regulations of Great Britain or the United States, respectively: Pro¬ 
vided , further , That in the event of compulsory military service 
being applied to any part of His Majesty’s dominions in which mili¬ 
tary service at present is not compulsory, British subjects who be¬ 
fore proceeding to the United States were ordinarily resident in such 
part of His Majesty’s dominions, shall thereupon be included within 
the terms of this convention. 


69243°—18 



4 


ARTICLE I. 

All male citizens of the United States in Canada (hereinafter 
called Americans) and all male British subjects in the United States 
(a) who were born or naturalized in Canada, and who, before pro¬ 
ceeding to the United States were ordinarily resident in Great Brit¬ 
ain or Canada or in any other part of His Majesty’s Dominions to 
which compulsory military service has been or may be hereafter by 
law applied, or outside the British Dominions; or (b) who were not 
born or naturalized *in Canada, but who, before proceeding to the 
United States, were ordinarily resident in Canada (hereinafter called 
Canadians), shall, unless before the time limited by this convention 
they enlist or enroll in the forces of their own country or return to 
the United States or Canada, respectively, for the purpose of mili¬ 
tary service, be subject to military service and entitled to exemption 
or discharge therefrom under the laws and regulations, from time to 
time in force, of the country in 'which they are: Provided , That in re¬ 
spect to Americans, in Canada, the ages for military service shall be 
the ages specified in the laws of the United States prescribing com¬ 
pulsory military service, and in respect to Canadians in the United 
States the ages for military service shall be for the time being 20 to 
44 years, both inclusive. 


ARTICLE II. 

Americans and Canadians within the age limits aforesaid who 
desire to enter the military service of their own country must enlist 
or enroll or must leave Canada or the United States, as the case may 
be, for the purpose of military service in their own country before 
the expiration of 60 days after the date of the exchange of ratifica¬ 
tions of this convention, if liable to military service in the country in 
which they are at the said date; or if not so liable, then before the ex¬ 
piration of 30 days after the time when liabiblity shall accrue; or, as 
to those holding certificates of exemption under Article III of this 
convention, before the expiration of 30 days after the date on which 
any such certificate becomes inoperative unless sooner renewed; or 
as to those who apply for certificates of exemption under Article III, 
and whose applications are refused, then before the expiration of 30 
days after the date of such refusal, unless the application be sooner 
' granted. 

ARTICLE III. 

The Government of the United States, through the consul general 
at Ottawa, and His Britannic Majesty’s Government through the 
British ambassador at Washington, may issue certificates of exemp¬ 
tion from military service to Americans and Canadians, respectively, 
upon application or otherwise, within 60 days from the date of the 
exchange of ratifications of this convention or within 30 days from 
the date when such citizens or subjects become liable to military 
service in accordance with Article I, provided that the applications 
be made or the certificates be granted prior to their entry into the 
military service of either country. Such certificates may be special ■ 
or general, temporary or conditional, and may be modified, renewed, 


5 


or revoked in the discretion of the Government granting them. Per¬ 
sons holding such certificates shall, so long as the certificates are in 
force, not be liable to military service in the country in which 
they are. 

ARTICLE IV. 

The Government of the United States and the Government of Can¬ 
ada will, respectively, so far as possible facilitate the return of 
Canadians and Americans who may desire to return to their own 
country for military service, but shall not be responsible for provid¬ 
ing transport or the cost of transport for such persoiis. 

ARTICLE V. 

No citizen or subject of either country who, under the provisions 
of this convention, enters the military service of the other shall, by 
reason of such service, be considered, after this convention shall have 
expired or after his discharge, to have lost his nationality or to be 
under any allegiance to the United States or to His Britannic 
Majesty, as the case may be. 

ARTICLE VI. 

The present convention shall be ratified by the President of the 
United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate of the United States, and by His Britannic Majesty, and the 
ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington or at London as soon 
as possible. It shall come into operation on the date on which the 
ratifications are exchanged and shall remain in force until the ex¬ 
piration of 60 days after either of the contracting parties shall have 
given notice of termination to the other; whereupon any citizen or 
subject of either country incorporated into the military service of the 
other under this convention shall be as soon as possible discharged 
therefrom. " 

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed 
the present convention and have affixed thereto their seals. 

Done in duplicate at Washington the third day of June, in the year 
of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighteen. 

Robert Lansing, [seal.] 
Reading. [seal.] 


recess. 

Notes Relating to Article I. 

British Embassy, 

W ashing ton, June 3, 1918. 

Hon. Robert Lansing, 

Secretary of State of the United States. 

Sir : With reference to the military-service convention between the 
United States and Great Britain signed to-day, I am instructed by 
His Majesty’s Government to explain why the proviso to Article I 
does not limit the military service of citizens of the United States 



6 


in Great Britain to those of the ages specified in the laws of the 
United States prescribing compulsory military service, as requested 
by the United States Government, The reason for the omission of 
this clause in the proviso is a desire to avoid the delay that would 
be involved in modifying the military service acts, 1916 to 1918, 
which control the operation of any convention of this character. I 
beg you, therefore, to be good enough not to press this proposal. 

The effect of these acts is to make United States citizens in Great 
Britain under this convention liable to military service between the 
ages of 18 and 49, both inclusive. The limitation of the ages of 
United States citizens in Great Britain for the purpose of military 
service to those prescribed in the laws of the United States relating 
to compulsory military service may, however, be attained without 
amendment of these acts by exercise of the United States of its 
right of exemption under Article III. 

His Majesty’s Government understands, therefore, that the United 
States Government will exercise their right under Article III to 
exempt from compulsory military service in Great Britain all citi¬ 
zens of the United States in Great Britain outside the ages specified 
in the laws of the United States prescribing compulsory military 
service. 

I have the honor to be, with the highest consideration, sir, 

Your most obedient, humble servant, 


Beading. 


June 3, 1918. 

His Excellency the Earl of Beading, 

Ambassador of Great Britain on Special Mission: 

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Your Excellency’s 
note of this date in regard to the military service convention between 
the United States and Great Britain, signed to-day, in which you 
state that you are instructed to explain why the proviso to Article I 
does not limit the military service of citizens of the United States 
in Great Britain to those of the ages specified in the laws of the 
United States prescribing compulsory military service as requested 
by the United States Government. In explanation Your Excellency 
states as follows: 

The reason for the omission of this clause in the proviso is a desire to avoid 
the delay which would be involved in modifying the military service acts, 1916 
to 1918, which control the operation of any convention of this character. I beg 
you, therefore, to be good enough not to press this proposal. 

The effect of these acts is to make United Spates citizens in Great Britain 
under this convention liable to military service between the ages of 18 and 49 
years, both inclusive. The limitation of the ages of United States citizens in 
Great Britain for the purposes of military service to those prescribed in the 
laws of the United States relating to compulsory military service may, how¬ 
ever, be attained without amendment of these acts by the exercise by the 
United States of its right of exemption undfer Article III. 

Your excellency adds that— 

His Majesty’s Government understands, therefore, that the United States Gov¬ 
ernment will exercise its right under Article III to exempt from compulsory 
military service in Great Britain all citizens of the United States in Great 
Britain outside the ages specified in the laws of the United States prescribing 
compulsory military service. 



7 


In reply I have the honor to inform your excellency that the Gov¬ 
ernment of the United States is pleased to accept this explanation of 
said Article I, and, in lieu of a clause in this article limiting the 
military service of citizens of the United States in Great Britain to 
those of the ages specified in the laws of the United States pre¬ 
scribing compulsory military service, to exercise its right under Arti¬ 
cle III to exempt from compulsory military service in Great Britain 
all citizens of the United States in Great Britain outside of the ages 
specified in the laws of the United States prescribing compulsory 
military service. 

I have the honor to be, with the highest consideration. 

Your excellency’s most obedient servant, 

Robert Lansing. 


Upon exchange of ratifications a certificate signed by the President 
in the following form will be issued exempting from military serv¬ 
ice citizens of the United States in Great Britain outside of the ages 
specified from time to time by the laws of the United States prescrib¬ 
ing compulsory military service for citizens of the United States. 
In accordance with such certificate and the provisions of Article III 
of the convention in respect of citizens of the United States in Great 
Britain certificates of exemption will be issued to citizens of the 
United States in Great Britain outside the ages specified in the laws 
of the United States prescribing from time'to time compulsory mili¬ 
tary service for citizens of the United States. 

GENERAL CERTIFI CATE. 

Whereas the convention concluded on June 3, 1918, between the 
Government of the United States and the Government of Great Brit¬ 
ain in respect to compulsory military service of the citizens or sub¬ 
jects of either part}^ in the territories of the other, provides in 
Article III that: 

The Government of the United States and His Britannic Majesty’s Govern¬ 
ment may, through their respective diplomatic representatives, issue certifi¬ 
cates of exemption from military service to citizens of the United States in 
Great-Britain and British subjects in the United States, respectively, upon 
application or otherwise, within 60 days from the date of the exchange of ratifi¬ 
cations of this convention, or within 80 days from the date when such citizens 
or subjects become liable to military service in accordance with Article I, 
provided that the applications be made or the certificates be granted prior to 
their entry into the military service of either country. 

Such certificates may be special or general, temporary or conditional, and 
may be modified, renewed, or revoked in the discretion of the Government 
granting them. Persons holding such certificates shall, so long as the certifi¬ 
cates are in force, not be liable to military service in the country in which they 
are. 

And whereas, by an exchange of notes dated June 3, 1918, between 
the parties of said convention in relation to Article I thereof, it is 
understood that the Government of the United States will exercise 
its right under Article III to exempt from compulsory military serv¬ 
ice in Great Britain all citizens of the United States in Great Britain 
outside of the ages specified in the laws of the United States pre¬ 
scribing compulsory military service for citizens of the United States. 



8 


Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United 
States of America, by virtue of authority of Article III of said con¬ 
vention, hereby certify, in the name of the Government of the United 
States, that all citizens of the United States in Great Britain out¬ 
side the ages specified from time to time in the laws of the United 
States prescribing compulsory military service for citizens of the 
United States are and shall be exempt from compulsory military 
service in Great Britain. 



j 


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WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE t 1918 























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